Zaffron Park

Author: Annam Ishrat
Site Location: Pampore, Jammu and Kashmir
Institute: School of Architecture and Design – LPU
Advisor: Prof. Chetan Sachdeva

description

The Zaffron Park, an ambitious architectural thesis project located in Pampore, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, draws its name “Zaffron” from the Urdu term for “Saffron.” It envisions a transformative approach to saffron cultivation using vertical and hydroponic farming techniques, aiming to revitalize the industry. This innovative complex will include a research center, interpretation center, recreational area, and residential facilities, fostering agricultural advancement, sustainable architecture, and tourism. Traditionally, saffron farming in Kashmir has followed conventional methods, but low yields during harvest have prompted interest in newer techniques like vertical farming and hydroponics. The proposed Zaffron Park, spanning 45.7 acres on government crop land, targets increased saffron yield through modern practices. Located in Pampore, renowned for its saffron quality, the site is well-connected by NH1 Highway to Pampore Railway Station (4KM) and Pampore Bus Stand (2.4KM). While the Jammu and Kashmir government is working to enhance saffron production, the innovative approach of vertical and hydroponic farming has yet to be formally considered. The Zaffron Park, with its multifunctional vision, aspires to empower local communities and contribute to the growth of saffron cultivation, making strides towards a more sustainable and productive future.

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Rurban Residential School at Kesnand, Wagholi

Posted on October 3, 2023October 3, 2023 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023Tagged Academic GM, Institutional GM, Landscape GMLeave a comment

Author: Pranav Khandve
Site Location: Wagholi, Pune
Institute: Dr D Y Patil School of Architecture
Advisor: Prof. Shubhada Chapekar

description

R-URBAN schools are innovative educational institutions that combine the principles of sustainability, urban agriculture, and community engagement. The term “RURBAN” stands for “rural-urban” and signifies the integration of rural and urban elements within these schools. R-URBAN schools aim to address the pressing challenges of urbanization and environmental degradation by promoting sustainable practices, fostering ecological awareness, and empowering communities. These schools go beyond traditional academic learning and adopt interdisciplinary and experiential approaches to education. They provide students with hands-on experiences in sustainable practices, such as organic farming, waste management, renewable energy, and water conservation. By engaging students in practical activities, R-URBAN schools encourage critical thinking, problem-solving, and a deeper understanding of environmental and social issues. Community engagement is a central aspect of R-URBAN schools. They actively involve local communities, residents, and organizations in their initiatives. By collaborating with the community, R-URBAN schools promote shared responsibility, social cohesion, and sustainable development at the grassroots level. They serve as hubs for knowledge exchange, capacity building, and the empowerment of individuals and communities to create sustainable and resilient urban environments. R-URBAN schools are not just educational institutions; they are catalysts for positive change. By integrating sustainable practices, urban agriculture, and community engagement, these schools contribute to the development of environmentally conscious and socially responsible citizens who can actively participate in building sustainable urban communities. Through their innovative approaches and holistic vision, R-URBAN schools play a vital role in addressing the challenges of urbanization, fostering environmental stewardship, and promoting sustainable living in India and beyond.

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Pilgrimage Rejuvenation & Conservation of Cultural Heritage – Parshuram Kund, Arunachal Pradesh

Posted on September 30, 2023September 30, 2023 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023Tagged Cultural GM, Ecological Conservation GM, Institutional GM, Mixed use GM, Public Space GMLeave a comment

Author: Kartikye Bordoloi
Site Location: Arunachal Pradesh
Institute: Faculty of Architecture, Marwadi University
Advisor: Prof. Parth Sadariya

description

Bhagwan Parshuram is believed to have cleansed his sin here of committing matricide by washing his hands in the holy water to rid the axe after creating the passage for the River Brahmaputra through the Himalayas. This mythological significance forms the cultural heritage and attracts a large number of pilgrims (70,000 to 100,000) particularly during Makar Sankranti. There is a steady rise in the number. The present facilities and amenities are inadequate and poor.
The Government of India in 2022 under the scheme PRASHAD sanctioned Rs. 37.88 Crores for the basic amenities and facilities and enrichment of the religious tourism experience. The goal is to integrate the kund vicinity in a prioritised, planned and sustainable manner.
Arunachal Pradesh is bestowed with a rich biodiversity, flora & fauna, scenic beauty, lifestyle, cultural heritage and a diverse ethnicity, food, dress, arts & crafts, and festivals. It is proposed to showcase and promote these attributes for the benefit, economic development of the local people as an inclusive program.

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The Last Pause – As a Belief in Varanasi

Posted on September 30, 2023September 30, 2023 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023Tagged Cultural GM, Institutional GM, Landscape GM, Mixed use GM, Public Space GM, Residential GM, Retail Design GM, Social Design GMLeave a comment

Author: Anuj Kumbhar
Site Location: Varanasi
Institute: Vishwaniketan College of Architecture, Arts & Design
Advisor: Prof. Viji Nair

description

Varanasi, often called the spiritual capital of India, is a city known for its ancient rituals and traditions, particularly those associated with death and cremation. The existing facilities for accommodating visitors during these sensitive times are inadequate, leading to overcrowding, environmental concerns, and limited amenities. “The Last Pause” is an innovative solution that aims to transform the perception of Varanasi’s death rituals by providing a well-designed and inclusive space that caters to the diverse needs of its visitors. The primary objective of “The Last Pause” is to create a sustainable and respectful space that honours the traditions and beliefs of the people coming to Varanasi for death rituals. By establishing this intervention, we seek to provide a range of facilities and programs that will enable visitors to grieve, perform rituals, seek solace, and find a sense of community during their stay. Furthermore, by incorporating landscape irrigation and other sustainable features, the project aims to contribute positively to the city’s environment. “The Last Pause” envisions a transformative architectural intervention that redefines Varanasi’s social spaces and rituals surrounding death. By providing a comprehensive and respectful environment, this project aims to create a harmonious experience for visitors while upholding the city’s cultural heritage. Through collaboration between NGOs and the government, this aims to foster a deeper sense of community and understanding in one of India’s most spiritually significant cities.

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Black gold: Beginning to every end waste treatment facility and awareness centre

Posted on September 30, 2023September 30, 2023 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023Tagged Institutional GM, Public Space GM, Transportation GM, Urbanism GMLeave a comment

Author: Suditi Chaudhury
Site Location: Mumbai
Institute: Lokmanya Tilak Institute of Architecture & Design studies
Advisor: Associate Prof. Shilpa Vivekanand

description

Urban areas in India generate more than 1,00,000 MT of waste per day (CPHEEO, 2000). A large metropolis such as Mumbai generates about 7000 MT of waste per day (MCGM, 2014), Collecting, processing, transporting, and disposing of this municipal solid waste (MSW) is the responsibility of urban local bodies (ULBs) in India.
The Project attempts to investigate the issue of waste, which is frequently overlooked in the field of architecture. Waste management infrastructure is typically invisible to the general public, despite being critical to city planning. The hope with this new program is that the activated space would consequently attract the entire community. The site will promote relationships with the city, which will enrich its citizens. Reconnect and communicate to the masses, but also weave new public or institutional programs with by-products and sustainable production. The site will deal with a waste segregation facility where manual and mechanical input together can go hand in hand, Secondly, the waste treatment plant will act as a transitional place between all stakeholders mentioned above. Thirdly, adding a learning and awareness center which will bridge the gap between the knowledge of waste disposal and the public. By keeping this in mind, the four program components become waste, transportation, education, and living.

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Sculpting the sky: Investigating the Expressive Form & Spatial Narratives of Mumbai’s Supertall Buildings

Posted on September 30, 2023September 30, 2023 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023Tagged Commercial space GM, Cultural GM, High-rise GM, Mixed use GM, Residential GM, Retail Design GM, Urbanism GMLeave a comment

Author: Joseph Benny
Site Location: Mumbai
Institute: Wadiyar centre for Architecture
Advisor: Prof. Manoj Ladhad

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The thesis explores the architectural significance and socio-cultural impact of an iconic free-flowing tower in Mumbai, India. The tower stands as a testament to the city’s evolving skyline and represents a bold departure from conventional design norms. With its distinctive curvilinear form, the tower captivates attention and raises questions about the relationship between architectural expression, functionality, and urban identity. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this research delves into the design principles, structural innovations, and spatial experiences associated with the free-flowing tower. It investigates the conceptualization and execution of the tower’s organic form, exploring the factors that influenced its creation and the challenges encountered during its realization.

Furthermore, the thesis analyzes the tower’s functional integration and programmatic versatility. It examines how the unconventional form of the tower has facilitated the creation of dynamic spaces that adapt to various uses, such as residential, commercial, and cultural. The study also investigates the tower’s impact on the surrounding urban fabric and its ability to foster social interactions, enhance livability, and contribute to the city’s identity as a global metropolis.

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Beyond Design – Community Centre for Designers

Posted on September 30, 2023October 6, 2023 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023Tagged Adaptive Reuse GM, Co-working Spaces GM, Cultural GM, Mixed use GM, Public Space GM, Retail Design GM, Urbanism GMLeave a comment

Author: Yukathasri C.
Site Location: Bengaluru
Institute: CMRU School of Architecture
Advisor: Prof. Muralidhar. K

description

The architectural thesis proposes the design of a community center for designers by repurposing one of the abandoned NGEF factory buildings (Bengaluru).
The community center would be a hub that fosters creativity, collaboration and professional development of designers. It is to be a space for designers to connect, share ideas, develop skills and network.
The research is based on the understanding that designers need a setting that offers the requirements needed for creative expression, learning and professional development. These requirements are analysed through the assessments of live and literature case studies.
The design proposed is a flexible and adaptable space that accommodates a variety of design activities for different design fields.
The community center offers coworking spaces with collaborative workspaces, makerspaces outfitted with specialized tools and equipment, a resource library with access to design materials and an exhibition space to showcase the work of the designers. The facility also has areas where the designers can relax, socialise or recharge.
‘Beyond design’ strives to encourage designers by catering to their needs and supporting the community.

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Rejuvenation of Dakshinpat Satra, Majuli Assam

Posted on September 30, 2023September 30, 2023 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023Tagged Cultural GM, Ecological Conservation GM, Experiential Design GM, Heritage GM, Institutional GM, Mixed use GM, Public Space GMLeave a comment

Author: Bibhuti Bikash Bora
Site Location: Majuli, Assam
Institute: Acharya’s NRV School of Architecture
Advisor: Ar. Gracy H. David

description

Dakshinpat Satra, located in the state of Assam in India, is a significant cultural and religious site. It is one of the most visited places in Assam, attracting a large number of tourists every year. However, despite its cultural importance and the increasing number of visitors, the satra lacks proper accommodation for tourists and advanced educational facilities for students of majuli . Moreover, there is a need for exhibition and workshop spaces to showcase the rich art and craft of the region. This thesis aims to propose a design solution for the development of Dakshinpat Satra by adding accommodation for tourists, school facilities, and exhibition and workshop spaces.
So the main aims is to enhance the cultural heritage of the region by providing proper accommodation facilities for tourists, school facilities for students, and exhibition and workshop spaces for artists and craftsmen. promoting local craftsmanship and reducing the carbon footprint. Also it will provide a unique experience for tourists, enhance the knowledge of students, and provide a platform for artists and craftsmen to display their work.

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Practice of Repair

Posted on September 30, 2023October 6, 2023 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023Tagged Ephemeral Architecture GM, HOUSING GM, Neighbourhood GM, Residential GM, Urbanism GMLeave a comment

Author: Dhruv Sachala
Site Location: Mumbai
Institute: School of Environment & Architecture
Advisor: Ar. Rupali Gupte & Ar. Apurva Talpade

description

The design thesis looks to intervene in existing processes of architecture practiced in various parts of the country. 95% of architecture evolves incrementally, mobilizing multiple forces. It follows a very nuanced and intermittent way of transforming their built form, shaped by diverse social and economic influences. This organic growth involves continuous, non-linear transformations that respond to inhabitants’ needs. Unlike traditional linear processes, that appear to be the only delivery system, this approach incorporates factors like local networks, small finances, kinship networks, and a sense of repair.
The aim is to comprehend and engage with this dynamic, ecologically sensitive design process, to understand the forces that produce inhabitation, and to find ways for architects to insert themselves into this process.
The tool kit is a set of specific and surgical architectural interventions / techniques that allow for rethinking of fundamental elements of the building, and funtionality such as walls, fenestrations, foundations, etc, to be much more responsive to the condition of enighbourhood. The toolkit is divided into parts, each part talks about elements of building, it talks about how these elements which are present in the neighbourhood can be repaired or scaled in way to enhance the light and ventilation conditions in the dense area, while also looking at the asthetic details of the space. The catelogue is further used to design few habitations in detail. Also, looking at how to work on the form of such spaces keeping in consideration the density. The catelogue is further used to design some of the habitation in detail.

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Disaster Resilient Housing – Prototype for Himachal Pradesh

Posted on September 29, 2023October 6, 2023 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023Tagged Ecological Conservation GM, Heritage GM, HOUSING GM, Residential GM, resilient architecture GMLeave a comment

Author: Ichchha Vijayendra Singham
Site Location: Himachal Pradesh
Institute: Pillai HOC College of Architecture
Advisor: Ar. Ashwathy Rajagopal

description

Himachal Pradesh- a north Indian state with difficult terrain and was often seen as in isolation from the modern and western influences of the world, untouched by the modern and western influences of the world. Over the past few years, Himachal has been frequently affected by ominous flash flooding resulting in landslides due to washing away of soil. The idea of the project is to form a prototype for housing in Himachal with disaster resistant techniques of construction. The design responds to the cold temperate climate of the Himalayan mountains, remoteness of the site as well as aims for resilience to earthquakes and landslides. The building is designed with heavy stone filled gabion retaining walls at the bottom and a light wooden structure on top covered with wattle and daub panels as an infill material. Undressed stone in gabion walls is used because it can be picked up from waste and also it reduces the labour. It is crafted with a balance between local knowledge and modern construction techniques aiming to encourage community participation and ownership. the idea was to not just provide a structure but system from start to end where users take part in it and have better understanding of their impact.

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Coexistence of Human- Wild at Merger of Urban and Wild

Posted on September 29, 2023September 29, 2023 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023Tagged Ecological Conservation GM, environmental psychology GM, Institutional GM, Public Space GMLeave a comment

Author: Deep S. Nahar
Site Location: Versova, Maharashtra
Institute: Aditya college of Architecture
Advisor: Ar. Rita Nayak.

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Taking a look at the proposal for Eco-centric research, awareness center and museum is for 400 people daily visitors. The center focuses not only the treatment of leopards but also on the overall development how human and leopard coexistence can be maximize at and around the periphery of Sanjay Gandhi National Park. The leopard research center is dedicated to wildlife biologist, leopard researchers, veterinarian etc. and awareness center to create awareness to local people how to deal with leopards, precautions to be taken to avoid conflict with leopards.

The spaces are shaped in accordance with the existing trees on the site and reflect the topography’s slope, which does not rest on the ground and allowing the natural life of the soil and the creatures to continue. Bamboo architecture has been employed because the location is in a forest zone and will assist the project become a sustainable and ecofriendly building. The Design’s Form is inspired by a phenomenon in nature known as “The crown shyness,” in which trees avoid touching one another in order to let the other live while maintaining their own lives.

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INNOVATIONINTRADITION-Rural Livelihood Creation in Handicraft Sector of Thar

Posted on September 29, 2023September 29, 2023 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023Tagged Cultural GM, Heritage GM, Institutional GM, Participatory Design GM, Public Space GMLeave a comment

Author: Darshan Sukhadiya
Site Location: Thar, Rajasthan
Institute: Institute of Design, Planning & Technology (IDPT)-SCET
Advisor: Prof. Saloni Shah

description

Craft has a profound impact on society by shaping cultural values, stimulating economic growth, fostering creativity, promoting social harmony, and introducing community identity.

As time changes, the appreciation and preservation of traditional crafts hold a special significance. As contemporary society seeks to reconnect with its cultural roots while embracing modernity, redefining the importance of traditional crafts became a captivating endeavour. It involves the delicate balance of honouring timeless techniques, cultural heritage, and artistic expression while infusing these crafts with a fresh and relevant appeal that resonates with the tastes and sensibilities of today.

Traditional crafts are not relics of the past, they are living traditions with rich stories and craftsmanship. Thus, this project reimagines their value for contemporary society. It attempts to bridge the gap between the past and the present, uniting generations and cultures under the banner of creativity and innovation.

The project examines native handicraft groups and the role of craft in their day-to-day life. It critiques the nature of the existing craft networks and their interdependency and attempts to rethink rural infrastructure by looking at planning methods, using conventional beliefs that can provide a socio-ecological manner of creating an environment – Using the local knowledge to make architecture as a catalyst for managing traditional knowledge within the present.

It invites craftsmen to explore the boundless possibilities of blending old and new.

This proposal understands the existing complexities and challenges and works towards an integrated solution. By looking at the craft community as a reflection of a combination of events, activities, and thought objects, this project aims to celebrate the craft by amalgamating innovation with tradition.

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Replace – A Multipurpose Makeshift Space

Posted on September 29, 2023September 29, 2023 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023Tagged Ephemeral Architecture GM, Institutional GM, Mixed use GM, Participatory Design GM, Public Space GM, resilient architecture GMLeave a comment

Author: Komal Prabhakar Pawaskar
Site Location: Assam
Institute: AIKTC School of Architecture (Anjuman I Islam Kalsekar Technical Campus)
Advisor: Prof. Parag Rawool

description

It is observed that traditional and cultural patterns are slowly disappearing due to emerging and shifting land dynamics. Moreover, there is a critical point at which populations migrate voluntarily and constructively before being forcefully relocated. The community is at the risk of gradually growing hungry as their coping methods become exhausted. The design is created with an integrated approach towards addressing problems along with the socio-cultural practices in the reconstruction of public infrastructure that can withstand uncertainties and can improve capacity building within the communities—creating employment possibilities that meet shifting market demands while empowering communities.

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Charles Correa Gold Medal – 2023 edition

Posted on May 3, 2023April 17, 2024 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal1 Comment

The Charles Correa Gold Medal is an award initiated in 1998 by Indian architect and urbanist Charles Correa. Through the format of the Gold Medal, the Charles Correa Foundation intends to not only challenge students and schools of architecture to focus on pressing issues, but also to emphasize the role that architects can play in society as “agents of change”.

This year, the Charles Correa Gold Medal focused on thesis projects that addressed climate concerns through architecture design. Charles Correa coined the phrase ‘Form Follows Climate’ and often said “to build in India is to respond to climate”.

Panel Discussion

ARCHITECTURE THESIS PROJECT – WHAT CAN THEY SAY, WHAT CAN THEY DO?

As a part of the Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023, the Charles Correa Foundation organized a panel discussion on the present and future of the graduating thesis projects at architecture schools in India titled, Architecture Thesis Project – What can they say, what can they do?

The discussion was led by Dr. Kaiwan Mehta, and the panel consisted of Suhasini Ayer, Tanuja Kanvinde, Biju Kuriakose and Bijoy Ramachandran.

You can watch the entire event in the video below.

Jury

The jury for the Charles Correa Gold Medal 2023 is Rajmohan Shetty (Architect and Academician), Bhavana Hameed (Co-founder, Playgroup Studio), Sanjeev Vidyarthi (Head of Department of Urban Planning and Policy (UPP), University of Illinois), Mustansir Dalvi (Poet, Editor and Academician) and Manijeh Verghese (Director of Sphere Spaces + Head of Public Engagement at Architectural Association),where they mainly looked for entries that consider the site and context of the proposed project with clarity in formulation and addressal of real-life issues.

Visit our FAQs for further queries or email us at education@charlescorreafoundation.org.

Telangana State Urban Centre of Excellence, Hyderabad

Posted on September 30, 2022October 12, 2022 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2022Tagged Mixed use GM, Neighbourhood GM, Public Space GM, Urbanism GM

Author: Nitya Kapoor
Site Location: Hyderabad
Institute: School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal (SPA-B)
Advisor: Dr Piyush Hajela

description

The Telangana Urban Centre of Excellence, proposed by the Government of Telangana, would act as an urban think tank and a research Centre to deal with urban challenges and house best practices. The intent is to set up an integrated development of mixed-use typology, in a sprawling campus of 45 acres, abutting Outer Ring Road. It would be conceived as a research Centre, to host prototype solutions for various urban issues, that celebrates and leverages the natural topography of the site. While the campus with all its facilities will be planned in 25 acres, the remaining extent of 20 acres would be kept as green space/walking track/golf/future requirements. These facilities include: Hub of Urban

Innovations, Conference and Convention Centre, U-Hub, Workstations, Research labs, Accommodation facilities, Residential facilities, Relaxation Hub, Service facilities and parking.

The proposed detailed design comprises of Workstations, Research Labs and U-Hub, integrated with the Central Green, Entrance Court, and built form for public facilities (Auditorium, Conference Block, Amphitheatre), and Service areas.

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Attapadi Community Development Center

Posted on September 30, 2022October 12, 2022 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2022Tagged Cultural GM, environmental psychology GM, Neighbourhood GM, Public Space GM, Social Design GM, Transportation GM, Urbanism GM

Author: Jerin J Panakkel
Site Location: Attapadi, Kerala
Institute: College of Architecture Trivandrum (CAT)
Advisor: Prof. Niby Thomas Varghese

description

At the time of the formation of Kerala State, Attappady was a healthy rich land. Then ninety percent of the population was Adivasis. Their self-sufficient subsistence economy, life support natural systems, as well as ecologically harmonious lifestyle, were destroyed in a very short time. Their cultural, as well as unique agricultural foundations, were destroyed and devalued. The tribal community itself has been undergoing drastic changes. The best way to resolve this issue is to create change in the community for all three generations at the same time. Pratheeksha Bhavan is trying to address the issue that the community faces in a 3 steeped manner consisting of all the 3 generations of people who are part of the community. The project tries to solve this issue in the community under the St Thomas ashram at Attapadi. The project consists of a kindergarten, High school, vocational training institute with bamboo training workshops, community center with a medical dispensary for tribal medicine and preparation. Education stands as the best way to address their issues, the right kind of education is needed to understand their cultural importance and also to understand, and experience modernity.

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Multimodal Transit Hub

Posted on September 30, 2022October 12, 2022 Posted in Charles Correa Gold Medal 2022Tagged Public Space GM, Social Design GM, Transportation GM, Urbanism GM

Author: Shreyas Varun K
Site Location: Bengaluru
Institute: Nitte School of Architecture and Planning, Bengaluru
Advisor: Prof. Ar.Yuvaraj Perumal

description

As Bangalore is the developing city in India and a metropolitan hub, which intakes thousands of people in search of opportunities every year. Which made me think about the development and connectivity of the spaces through transit.
From the statistics of buses fleet into & within the city could cause a major source for traffic. With this the taught process of decentralizing transit hub has arrived. Based on the analysis, one of the best possible way to reduce traffic in the city is by restricting the inter-city & inter-state buses to the city center. And by having proposals of bus terminals in the periphery of the city ORR with collaboration of both public & private agencies.
Multimodal Transit Facility gathers many modes of transportation together and is strategically located so that the commuter has different transit alternatives to reach the destination. It describes an approach to planning, building, and operating the transportation system, emphasizes optimal utilization of transportation resources and connections between modes. One of the objectives of an Multimodal transit hub is to minimize the cost and inconvenience of changing transit systems by a commuter.
The benefits derived from effective intermodal co-ordination:

Lowering transportation costs by allowing each mode to be used for the portion of the trip for which it is best suited.
Increasing economic productivity and efficiency, thereby enhancing the Nation’s global competitiveness.
Reducing the burden on overstressed infrastructure components by shifting use to infrastructure with excess capacity.
Generating higher returns from public and private infrastructure investments.
Improving mobility for the elderly, disabled, isolated, and economically disadvantaged.
Reducing energy consumption and contributing to improved air quality and environmental conditions.
It introduces Single ticket travel which in turn enables easy movement from one mode to another.
Reducing Land take for road operations and common amenities & maximizing opportunities for shared facilities and synergies.
Minimizing potential phasing impacts by reducing the number of components that need to be accommodated and avoiding duplication of facilities.

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Panel Discussion

ARCHITECTURE THESIS PROJECT – WHAT CAN THEY SAY, WHAT CAN THEY DO?

Jury

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